(2006).
| Side Effect | Frequency | Severity | Recommendations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Headache | Common | Mild to Moderate | Hydrate and rest |
| Flushing | Common | Mild | Cool compress, avoid hot beverages |
| Indigestion | Moderate | Mild | Take with food |
| Muscle aches | Rare | Mild | Consult doctor if persistent |
Impact of erectile dysfunction on confidence, self-esteem and
relationship satisfaction after 9
The Group Delphi technique provided the opportunity for divergent opinions to be frankly discussed and the experiences and expertise of the different specialists to be presented. In many cases, this led to narrowing of the range of scores where a second round of voting occurred, thereby gaining or moving towards consensus. The lack of consensus regarding the degree of likelihood and clinical impact of the majority of identified incremental benefits may in part be due to the complex number of factors involved in achieving each benefit. Importantly, the discussion about benefits is hypothetical as there is no PDE5 inhibitor available without prescription in Germany. Data from the UK regarding the experience with Viagra Connect was presented, but this was not felt to be directly applicable because of the differences in healthcare systems.
For safety, patient safety update reports and large observational studies were able to provide strong evidence to help quantify the risks and are likely to have contributed to the high level of consensus reached. It is possible that gaps in evidence or differing opinions on whether evidence from different healthcare systems would be replicable in Germany were factors in the range of scores for the benefits. For instance, some of the evidence for a reduction in barriers to treatment and improved diagnosis of underlying conditions came from the United Kingdom. Germany has substantially more urologists and therefore easier patient access to them. There were also differences of opinion regarding the level of health consultations that take place in pharmacies in Germany compared to the United Kingdom.
However, there was general agreement that people are more likely to access services when provided locally, such as the increased take-up of flu vaccinations when provided at pharmacies. From the patient’s perspective it is more convenient to go straight to the pharmacy to get the medication rather than having to go to the doctor first for a prescription. There was some agreement that men may not want to see a doctor for ED because of embarrassment and therefore prefer to buy PDE5 inhibitors from a pharmacy. Recent TV advertising was believed to have raised awareness of ED and reduced inhibition thresholds to seek treatment. If tadalafil were prescription-free, it was considered likely that the topic of ED would be more publicly discussed, and the feelings of embarrassment reduced. months of sildenafil citrate treatment.
| Product | Dosage | Quantity + Bonus | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tadalista Super Active | 20mg | 180 + 20 Pills | 521.59€ 496.75€ | |
| Cialis Generic | 5mg | 10 Pills | 29.39€ 27.99€ | |
| Cialis Generic | 10mg | 30 + 4 Pills | 63.32€ 60.30€ | |
| Cialis Generic | 20mg | 90 + 6 Pills | 154.71€ 147.34€ | |
| Cialis Generic | 2.5mg | 360 + 10 Pills | 260.03€ 247.65€ | |
| Cialis Generic | 2.5mg | 270 + 10 Pills | 199.64€ 190.13€ | |
| Cialis Generic | 20mg | 120 + 8 Pills | 188.15€ 179.19€ | |
| Tadalista Super Active | 20mg | 90 + 10 Pills | 314.14€ 299.18€ | |
| Cialis Generic | 40mg | 60 + 6 Pills | 130.98€ 124.74€ | |
| Cialis Generic | 20mg | 60 + 6 Pills | 117.76€ 112.15€ | |
| Tadalista Super Active | 20mg | 30 + 6 Pills | 128.09€ 121.99€ | |
| Cialis Generic | 10mg | 270 + 10 Pills | 308.71€ 294.01€ |
10.1016/j.juro.2006.07.019 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Althof S.
The experts also agreed that men may be more likely to use tadalafil to enhance sexual performance (2.3), but that this would have a low clinical impact (0.7) as there was no evidence to suggest that the risks to health from use to enhance clinical performance would be clinically significant. There were mixed opinions on whether intentional use at a higher dose/frequency would increase, but consensus was that this would have a low clinical impact (0.5) according to the evidence and patient reported experiences. The overall attribute scores reflected consensus of a low likelihood or clinical impact of increased use in men with severe renal or hepatic disease (0.7), failure to read/understand safety information for men unfit to have sex due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1.0), use with “poppers” (1.0), use in women (0.2) or accidental ingestion by children (0.4). All considerations of the low clinical impact were based on evidence from published studies and 18 years of post-marketing safety data for patients exposed to Cialis worldwide that were reviewed by the experts in the meeting. Finally, there were differing views on the likelihood (1.0) and clinical impact (0.8) of delayed diagnosis of CVD and other underlying conditions.
If ED were the only early symptom of CVD, it was felt to be unlikely that a man would arrange to see a cardiologist, therefore taking tadalafil would not delay a diagnosis of CVD. However, self-treating ED may reduce the likelihood of seeing an urologist and so could lead to a delay in diagnosis of an underlying urological condition. On balance, the overall attribute of this scenario was scored low (0.7). If tadalafil were to be reclassified to non-prescription status in Germany, training would be provided to pharmacists highlighting the contraindications, potential drug-drug interactions and conditions where men should first consult their physician. Messages on the carton and patient information leaflet (PIL) would include contraindications, safety information, dosage and side effects.
These messages have been tested in men in three separate studies to ensure comprehension. The expert panel felt that these measures were appropriate and sufficient to mitigate against the identified incremental risks and that the results of the studies demonstrated that the information was sufficiently well understood and that consumers would make appropriate self-selection decisions. An additional suggested measure was to add a warning regarding the potential drug-drug interaction with veriziguat which was recently approved for chronic heart failure. The Brass decision analysis tool worked well in terms of achieving the objectives of the meeting. The identification of the incremental benefits and risks and collation of evidence from a diverse range of information sources including clinical trials, real-world studies and patient safety data was helpful in providing an evidence-based foundation to facilitate a comprehensive and rational assessment of the benefit-risk analysis.